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Europe
Johann Carolus' Relation aller Frnemmen und gedenckwrdigen Historien. published in 1605 in Strasbourg. is often recognized as the first newspaper. Strasbourg was a free imperial city in the Holy Roman Empire; the first newspaper of modern Germany was the Avisa. published in 1609 in Augsburg.
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The Dutch Courante uyt Italien. Duytslandt. amp;c. of 1618 was the first to appear in folio- rather than quarto-size. Amsterdam. a center of world trade. quickly became home to newspapers in many languages. often before they were published in their own country.[4]
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The first English-language newspaper. Corrant out of Italy. Germany. etc.. was published in Amsterdam in 1620. A year and a half later. Corante. or weekely newes from Italy. Germany. Hungary. Poland. Bohemia. France and the Low Countreys. was published in England by an "N.B." (generally thought to be either Nathaniel Butter or Nicholas Bourne) and Thomas Archer.[5]
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The first newspaper in France was published in 1631. La Gazette (originally published as Gazette de France).[2]
Post- och Inrikes Tidningar (founded as Ordinari Post Tijdender) was first published in Sweden in 1645. and is the oldest newspaper still in existence. though it now publishes solely online.[6]
Opregte Haarlemsche Courant from Haarlem. first published in 1656. is the oldest paper still printed. It was forced to merge with the newspaper Haarlems Dagblad in 1942 when Germany occupied the Netherlands. Since then the Haarlems Dagblad appears with the subtitle Oprechte Haerlemse Courant 1656 and considers itself to be the oldest newspaper still publishing.
The first successful English daily. The Daily Courant. was published from 1702 to 1735.[4][7]
[edit] North America
Untitled watercolor of a man reading a newspaper. about 1863. by Henry Louis Stephens. The paper's headline reports the Emancipation Proclamation.
Front page of
The New York Times on Armistice Day. November 11. 1918.
In Boston in 1690. Benjamin Harris published Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick [sic]. This is considered the first newspaper in the American colonies even though only one edition was published before the paper was suppressed by the government. In 1704. the governor allowed The Boston News-Letter to be published and it became the first continuously published newspaper in the colonies. Soon after. weekly papers began publishing in New York and Philadelphia. These early newspapers followed the British format and were usually four pages long. They mostly carried news from Britain and content depended on the editors interests. In 1783 Catalog Printing. the Pennsylvania Evening Post became the first American daily.
In 1751. John Bushell published the Halifax Gazette. the first Canadian newspaper.
[edit] Industrial Revolution
By the early 19th century. many cities in Europe. as well as North and South America Postcard Printing. published newspaper-type publications though not all of them developed in the same way; content was vastly shaped by regional and cultural preferences.[8] Advances in printing technology related to the Industrial Revolution enabled newspapers to become an even more widely circulated means of communication. In 1814. The Times (London) acquired a printing press capable of making 1 Brochures Printing.100 impressions per minute.[9]
Soon. it was adapted to print on both sides of a page at once. This innovation made newspapers cheaper and thus available to a larger part of the population. In 1830. the first penny press newspaper came to the market: Lynde M. Walter's Boston Transcript.[10] Penny press papers cost about one sixth the price of other newspapers and appealed to a wider audience.[11]
[edit] Impact of television and Internet
By the late 1990s the availability of news via 24-hour television channels and then the Internet posed an ongoing challenge to the business model of most newspapers in developed countries. Paid circulation has declined. while advertising revenue which makes up the bulk of most newspapers income has been shifting from print to the new media. resulting in a general decline in profits. Many newspapers around the world launched online editions in an attempt to follow or stay ahead of their audience.
However. in the rest of the world. cheaper printing and distribution. increased literacy. the growing middle class and other factors have more than compensated for the emergence of electronic media and newspapers continue to grow.[12]
[edit] Categories
While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers. usually geographically defined. some focus on groups of readers defined more by their interests than their location: for example. there are daily and weekly business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialist still are some weekly newspapers. usually free and distributed within limited areas; these may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant populations. or the local gay community.
[edit] Daily
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